<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.3" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2008.286</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2008.286</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Life Cycle Assessment using input-output analysis of CO2 emissions from housing in Malaysia</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Fujita</surname><given-names>Yoshinori</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>fujita@einstein.tutrp.tut.ac.jp</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Matsumoto</surname><given-names>Hiroshi</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>matsu@tutrp.tut.ac.jp</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Siong</surname><given-names>Ho Chin</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>csho59@yahoo.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi prefecture, Japan</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2008</year></pub-date>
      <volume>7</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-1-995850-08-5</isbn>
      <fpage>2033</fpage>
      <lpage>2041</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2008.286"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>24 August 2008</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2008 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>In order to develop a sustainable society; it is necessary to assess environmental loads such as CO2 and NOX emissions, and the use of natural resources. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can provide useful information for decision-making purposes in order to solve this problem. In this paper, we focus on the analysis only, using an input-output table. The housing types assessed were apartments, terraced houses, semidetached houses, detached houses and so on. We found that the main source of CO2 emissions during the construction phase came from building structures, foundations or finishes. Finally, methods for the reduction of CO2 emissions during the construction phase and operation phase were discussed.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>HOUSING</kwd>
        <kwd>MALAYSIA</kwd>
        <kwd>LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT</kwd>
        <kwd>INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>24 to 27 August 2008</conf-date>
        <conf-name>7th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2008</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>7</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Seoul, Korea</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref-r1">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Valuation and property service department, Ministry of finance Malaysia. 2001-2007. Property market report. Malaysia.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r2">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">G.P. Gerilla, K. Teknomo, K. Hokao. 2006. Building and environment. Vol.42. Issue 7. pp2778 -2784.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r3">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 2005. Jadual Input-Output Malaysia 2000. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Malaysia.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r4">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ministry of Energy, Communication &amp; multimedia Malaysia. 2000. National Balance of Energy Malaysia 2000, Pusat Tenaga Malaysia. Malaysia.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r5">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Business Council for Sustainable Developmentwebsite:http://www.wbcsd.org/web/publications/batelle-full.pdf</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r6">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 2000. Yearbook of statistics. pp107. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Malaysia</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r7">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Federation Industrial Development Authority. 1976. Feasibility Study on the Manufacture of Prefabricated Timber Houses in West Malaysia. Federation Industrial Development Authority. pp118-125. Malaysia</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r8">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mohd Shukari Midon, Chu Yue Pun, Hilmi Md Tahir, Nor Azian Mohd Kasby. 1996. Construction Manual of Prefabricated Timber House. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp14. Malaysia</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r9">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Centre for Education and Training in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. 2003. Your guide to energy efficiency at home. CETREE. pp34-37.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r10">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ho Ching Siong, Lim Seng Boon. 2003. Application of Life Cycle Matrix (LCM) in Energy Demand Analysis in Residential Sector. Case Study: Johor Bahru Metropolitan, Malaysia. pp19. Proceeding of seminar of JSPS-VCC Group 7, the planning of urban energy system. Malaysia</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r11">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision, http://esa.un.org/unpp</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r12">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 1980. General report of the housing census of Malaysia. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Malaysia.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r13">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 1991. General report of the housing census of Malaysia. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Malaysia.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r14">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 2006. Yearbook of statistics. pp67. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Malaysia</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r15">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yukio Komatsu. 2000. About housing durability (In Japanese). Jutaku Mondai Kenkyu. vol.16. No.2. Japan.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
