<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.3" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2010.029</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2010.029</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Study on performance of hybrid adsorption-compression type II heat pumps based on ammonia-salt adsorption</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>van der Pal</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>vanderpal@ecn.nl</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Wemmers</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Smeding</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>van den Heuvel</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2010</year></pub-date>
      <volume>9</volume>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-1-995850-04-7</isbn>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>7</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2010.029"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>24 August 2010</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2010 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2010</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Sorption heat pumps based on monovariant reactions, such as ammonia-salt systems can operate at low driving temperatures and achieve high power densities in comparison with multi-variant sorption systems. The disadvantage of monovariant systems, however, is the inflexibility towards required temperature levels. Where multivariant systems scale over a large range of temperatures, for the monovariant system the temperature range is limited by the discrete transition from (fully) adsorbed to desorbed state. To increase flexibility towards changes in operating temperatures of the monovariant sorption systems, the extension of such systems with a compressor has been studied. Focus of this research is on the use of ammonia-salts for type II heat pump for upgrading low temperature industrial waste heat to low-medium pressure steam. At ECN a system based on LiCl-MgCl2 ammonia-reactions has proven to achieve sufficient temperature lift (&gt;50°C) and cyclic stability (&gt;100 cycles) but requires a minimum temperature of 120°C for proper operation. To add flexibility to this system, i.e. to be able to use waste heat below 120°C, the performance of a hybrid variant containing both thermally-driven sorption reactors as well as a compressor has been evaluated. This evaluation focuses on extension in temperature range, and exergy efficiency and economic consequences of such a hybrid system. In addition, the possibility to use other ammonia-salt combinations has been investigated. The conclusions are that hybrid systems can reduce primary energy consumption and be economically feasible. It also shows that other salt combinations than LiCl-MgCl2 could be more suitable for a hybrid thermo-chemical adsorption-compression system.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>sorption</kwd>
        <kwd>hybrid</kwd>
        <kwd>compression</kwd>
        <kwd>heat pump</kwd>
        <kwd>ammonia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>24 to 27 August 2010</conf-date>
        <conf-name>9th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2010</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>9</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Shanghai, China</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
  </body>
  <back>
  </back>
</article>
