<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.3" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2010.127</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2010.127</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>A techno-economic comparison among different heating systems applied in biogas plants</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Tao</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>wangtaotoni@hotmail.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>Hongguang</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Huixian</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>huixian_shi@tongji.edu.cn</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Pei</surname><given-names>Xiaomei</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Modern Agricultural Science &amp; Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, China</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2010</year></pub-date>
      <volume>9</volume>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-1-995850-04-7</isbn>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>8</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2010.127"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>24 August 2010</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2010 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2010</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Biogas is one kind of the renewable energy which is suitable to develop in rural areas. One of the key concerns of biogas plants is keeping anaerobic digestion at a certain temperature in an economically sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Consequently, in order to increase the total comparatively low quantity of biogas production in the cold weather, heating system should be integrated. This paper analyses the economic performance of anaerobic digestion of a given plant with the same heat load in terms of heating technique. And the comparison among various parameters for heating systems demonstrated that the crucial factors including initial investment, operation cost, net present value (NPV), IRR, benefit-cost (B/C), discounted payback period of investment (P), primary energy consumption behave utter differently. The initial investment in the solar energy heating method turns out large than others; the net annual benefit and B/C in solar energy heating is higher than the other six; Operating cost, P and PEC in electric heater heating are all surpass the rest of the methods. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the three major aspects, including technique, economic and environment, suggestion is made for each type of plant with the suitable heating method. GSHP heating system is profitable for the promotion of middle scale biogas plants with its IRR=20, B/C=6.6, P=3.9.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>biogas</kwd>
        <kwd>heating system</kwd>
        <kwd>technique analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>economic evaluation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>24 to 27 August 2010</conf-date>
        <conf-name>9th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2010</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>9</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Shanghai, China</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref-r1">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rene Alvarez, Gunnar Lide. 2008. The effect of temperature variation on biomethanation at high altitude. Bioresource Technology. Vol 99. Oct. pp7278-7284. Sweden.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r2">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">El-Mashad, H.M, Zeeman, G.van Loon, W.K.P., Gerard, P.A.B., Lettinga, G. 2004. Effect of temperature and temperature fluctuation on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. Bioresource Technology. Vol 95. Nov. pp191– 201. Netherlands.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r3">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahn J H, Forster C F. 2002. The effect of temperature variations on the performance of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic filters treating a simulated papermill wastewater. Process Biochemistry. Vol 37. Jan. pp589-594. UK.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r4">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">G.D. Zupančič, M. Ros. 2003. Heat and energy requirements in thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion. Renewable Energy. Vol 28. Nov. pp2255-2267. Slovenia.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r5">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lin Wenxian, Lu Enrong. 1992. Analysing the effect of the laeh in the storage tank on the performance of a tsaeh. International journal of energy research. Vol 86. Dec. pp459-466. China.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r6">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Roberto Bove, Piero Lunghi. 2006. Electric power generation from landfill gas using traditional and innovative technologies. Energy Conversion and Management. Vol 47. July. pp1391-1401</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r7">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Marco Simone, Enrico Biagini, Chiara Galletti, Leonardo Tognotti. 2009. Evaluation of global biomass devolatilization kinetics in a drop tube reactor with CFD aided experiments. Fuel. Vol 88. Oct. pp1818-1827. Italy.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r8">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yutaka Kitamura, Dan Paquin, Loren Gautz, et al. 2007. A rotational hot gas heating system for bioreactors. Biosystems Engineering. Vol 98. pp215-223. Japan.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r9">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chen Y R, Varel V H, Hashimoto A G. 1980. Effect of temperature on methane fermentation kinetics of beef-cattle manure. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium. Vol 10. USA.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r10">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Masse D I, Croteau F, Masse L, Danesh S. 2004. The effect of scale-up on the digestion of swine manure slurry in psychrophilic anaerobic sequencing batch reactors. Transactions of the ASAE. Vol 47(4). pp1367-1373. Canada.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r11">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yin Haiwen. 2007. Simulation research on the system combined solar energy with biogas boiler for heating biogas plants. Harbin: Civil Environment Engineering Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r12">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhao Jinhui, Tan Yufei, Bai Li. 2007. Design of joint heating of biogas digester by solar energy and biogas fueled boiler in cold area. Biogas China. Vol 27. pp34-39. China.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r13">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zupancic G D, Ros.M. 2003. Heat and energy requirements in thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion. Renewable Energy. Vol 28. Nov. pp2255-2267.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r14">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Luo Fuqiang, Tang Dong, Liang Yi. 2005. An investigation on the increasing production of biogas by heating the biomass with exhaust heat from engine. China Biogas. Vol 23. pp25-26.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r15">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cavinato.C, Fatone. F, D.olzonella, P.Pavan. 2010. Thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with agro-wastes and energy crops: Comparison of pilot and full scale experiences. Bioresource Technology. Vol 101. pp545-550. Italy.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r16">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kjällstrand J, Olsson M. Chimney emissions from small-scale burning of pellets and fuel wood-examples referring to different combustion appliances. Biomass and Bioenergy. Vol 27. pp557-61. Sweden.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r17">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bai Li, Shi Yan, Qi Zimei. 2008. Digester heating and insulation technology for biogas utilization in winter of north China. China Biogas. Vol 26. pp37-41. China.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r18">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Petros Axaopoulos, Panos Panagakis. 2003. Energy and economic analysis of biogas heated livestock buildings. Biomass and Bioenergy. Vol 24. pp239-248. Greece.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r19">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">David J. Hills, John R. Stephens. 1980. Solar energy heating of dairy-manure anaerobic digesters. Agricultural Wastes. Vol 2. pp103-118. USA.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r20">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alkhamis T M, El-Khazali R, Kablan M M, et al. 2002. Heating of a biogas reactor using a solar energy system with temperature control unit. Solar Energy. Vol 69. pp239-247. Jordan.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r21">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Madlener R, Koller M. 2007. Economic and CO2 mitigation impacts of promoting biomass heating systems: an input–output study for Vorarlberg. Energy Policy. Vol 5. pp6021–35. Austria.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r22">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Esen H, Inalli M, Esen M. 2007. A techno-economic comparison of a ground-coupled and air-coupled heat pump system for space cooling. Building and Envionment. Vol 42. Pp1955-1965.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r23">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shi Huixian, Wang Tao, Zhu Hongguang, et al. .2010. Heating system of biogas digester by ground-source heat pump. Transactions of the CSAE. Vol 26. pp268-273. China.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r24">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fiedler F. 2004. The state of the art of small-scale pellet-based heating systems and relevant regulations in Sweden, Austria and Germany. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol 8. pp201-21. Sweden.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r25">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vermaa. V.K, Bramb.S, J. De Ruycka. 2009. Small scale biomass heating systems: Standards, quality labelling and market driving factors – An EU outlook biomass and bioenergy. Vol 33. pp1393-1402. Belgium.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r26">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ASHRAE. ASHRAE handbook fundamentals. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.; 2005.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r27">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ASAE. Heating, ventilating and cooling greenhouses. Report ANSI/ASAE EP406.4 JAN03. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE; 2003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r28">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shabanikia A, Taleghani G. 2002. Benefit and application of biogas. Center for Renewable Energy Researchand Application. Report No 58; pp35-42. Iran.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r29">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liu Xiaojun. 2008. Engineering Economics (the second edition). China Architecture &amp; Building Press. China.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r30">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S.A. Gebrezgabher, et al.. 2009. Economic analysis of anaerobic digestion —A case of Green power biogas plant in The Netherlands, NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Science. pp109-115. Netherlands.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r31">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paquin.D, Liang.T. 2006. Estimating the Spatial Variation of Anaerobic Digester Heating Potential. Biosystems Engineering. Vol 95. pp227-233. USA.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref-r32">
        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anon. 1980. Guidebook on Biogas Development. Energy Resources Development Series. No 21. United Nations.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
