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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2013.039</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2013.039</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Improving Ice Formation by Additive for Cold Energy Storage</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name><surname>Sari</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>osmann.sari@heig-vd.ch</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Mahmed</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Institute of Thermal Engineering (IGT), University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland Av. des Sports 14, CH-1400, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2013</year></pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">9789881543950</isbn>
      <fpage>367</fpage>
      <lpage>375</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2013.039"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>26 August 2013</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2013 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Ice storage is one technique for effective use of thermal energy. Application of Snomax® (a protein from the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae) as a snow inducer in ski field has shown great potential to enhance the quantity of snow and increase freezing temperature. In this study, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and lab-built ice formation reactor were employed to study experimentally the heterogeneous ice nucleation under super-cooled conditions at different dissolved Snomax® concentrations. From our study results, it was found that homogeneous freezing temperature of tap water is far below the heterogeneously frozen water temperature containing Snomax®. In our DSC measured heat release study, there is an increase in latent heat release as the amount of dissolved Snomax® increases when Snomax® acts as ice nucleation agents. In another test, the supercooling didn’t occur in 0.5% Snomax® solution, it began to freeze around 0°C. Our results suggest that, the addition of Snomax® may help induce ice nucleation and increase freezing temperature thereby reduces the energy consumption of ice formation for cold storage.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Snomax®</kwd>
        <kwd>supercooling</kwd>
        <kwd>freezing temperature</kwd>
        <kwd>DSC</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>26 to 29 August 2013</conf-date>
        <conf-name>12th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2013</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>12</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Hong Kong, China</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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