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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2013.074</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2013.074</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Numerical thermal investigation on pile ground heat exchangers with groundwater seepage</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Deqi</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Cui</surname><given-names>Ping</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>Lin</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Hongxing</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Renewable Energy Research Group, Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Utilization Technologies in Buildings, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">School of Thermal Energy Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2013</year></pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">9789881543950</isbn>
      <fpage>673</fpage>
      <lpage>679</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2013.074"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>26 August 2013</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2013 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Groundwater flow has a considerable impact on the thermal performance of the pile ground heat exchangers (PGHE) of a ground coupled heat pump system. However, available research studies, which took groundwater advection into consideration in the thermal analysis of the PGHEs, mainly focused on the PGHE with U-tubes. The spiral coil configuration has more heat transfer area in a certain pipe and better flow pattern compared with the U-tube PGHE. Therefore, in this study, a 3-D transient numerical model is established to investigate the thermal performance of the spiral-coil PGHE with groundwater advection. The influences of the hydraulic and thermal properties of the soil on the PGHE are also evaluated by means of the numerical model in the porous medium. Comparison with existing analytical solutions based on the ring-coil heat source is carried out. The simulation results suggest that the seepage flow greatly enhances the heat transfer performance of the geothermal heat exchangers. The strengthening effect is proportional to the hydraulic gradient and is found to be more obvious on the spiral coil system than the U-tube system.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>ground-coupled heat pump</kwd>
        <kwd>pile ground heat exchanger</kwd>
        <kwd>groundwater seepage</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>26 to 29 August 2013</conf-date>
        <conf-name>12th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2013</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>12</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Hong Kong, China</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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