With the rapid development of urbanization and the great improvement of living standard, more public buildings are built, as a result, the proportion of buildings energy consumption in social energy consumption increases continuously, and this proportion will become larger in the future. Particularly, public building energy consumption plays an important role in energy consumption. The aim of this work was to carry out a field survey about energy consumption of public buildings in Yangtze River basin. To achieve the study, abundant data of different types of public buildings such as supermarkets, hospitals, office buildings, hotels, were collected, and the characteristic were analyzed detailedly. According to this information, special management regulation will be established and special saving-energy measures will be taken to different types of public buildings. All these will effectively improve the situation of energy consumption of public buildings in Yangtze River basin.