Based on a field questionnaire survey, this study analyzes the consumed amounts of various household energies, and further researches on the supply and demand of energies for cooking and heating, in order to summarize the energy-using characteristics of rural households in Heilongjiang. The results show that electricity is widely used, but it contributes only 2.3% of the annual consumed energy per household; as the main household energy, crop residues are widely used and contribute more than 2/3 of the annual amounts of both consumed energy and effective heat per household of cooking; firewood and LPG are used by more than half of the households, while their proportions in both the annual consumed energy and effective heat per household are small, indicating that they are auxiliary energies; coal is used in 70.8% of the households for heating, and contributes nearly 60% of the effective heat of heating; heating is the main household energy-demanding activity and occupies 90% of the annual effective heat per household; the integrated efficiency of bio-fuels is only 27.4%, indicating that introducing advanced bio-fuel technologies is necessary; the total integrated efficiency of household fuels is 41.3%, and the first step of its improvement is the alternative to the traditional bio-fuel cooking method.