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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2017.097</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2017.097</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Analysis of the Integration of the Wind-Induced Flutter Energy Harvester (WIFEH) into the Built Environment</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Aquino</surname><given-names>Angelo</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>choloaquino@gmail.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Calautit</surname><given-names>John Kaiser</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>j.k.calautit@gmail.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Hughes</surname><given-names>Ben Richard</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>ben.hughes@sheffield.ac.uk</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Energy 2050, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Department of Architecture, University of Nottingham</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">9791220022033</isbn>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>10</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2017.097"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>13 July 2017</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2017 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>This work examines the potential integration into the built-environment and energy gathering capabilities of the Wind-Induced Flutter Energy Harvester (WIFEH) – a microgenerator aimed at providing energy for low-powered applications. With the ubiquity and widespread use of low-powered devices and technologies in the urban sphere functioning in the microWatt to milliWatt power range, the development and integration of a low-energy harvester suitable for smart-cities applications is pivotal. Low-energy harvesters like the WIFEH are suitable for integration with wireless sensors and other small-scale electronic devices; thus a need for researching its potential and optimal installation conditions The current study offers the experimental investigation of the WIFEH within a wind tunnel setup and a case study using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling of a building integrated with a WIFEH system. The experiments examined the WIFEH under various wind tunnel airflow speeds ranging from 2.3 to 10 m/s to assess the induced electromotive force generation capability of the energy harvester. The simulation employed a gable-roof type building model with a 27˚ pitch obtained from literature. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow was invoked for the simulation of the wind approach. The study inspects the influence of various wind speeds and WIFEH locations on the performance of the device giving insight on the potential for integration of the harvester into the built environment. The WIFEH was measured to generate an RMS voltage of 3 V, peak-to-peak voltage of 8.72 V and short-circuit current of 1 mA when exposed to a wind speed of 2.3 m/s inside the wind tunnel. With an increase of wind velocity to 5 m/s and subsequent membrane retensioning, the RMS and peak-to-peak voltages and short-circuit current also increased to 4.88 V, 18.2 V, and 3.75 mA, respectively. For the CFD modelling integrating the WIFEH into a building, the apex of the roof of the building returned the highest power output for the device due to flow speed-up maximisation in this zone. This site produced the largest power output for the 45˚ angle of approach, generating an estimated 62.4 mW of power under accelerated airflow in harvester position of up to 6.2 m/s. For wind velocity (UH) of 10 m/s, airflow in this position accelerated up to approximately 14.4 m/s which is a 37.5% speed-up at the particular height. This ensued for an oncoming wind 30˚ relative to the building facade. For UH value of 4.7 m/s under 0° wind direction, airflows in facade edges were the quickest at 5.4 m/s indicating a 15% speed-up along the edges of the building.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Aero-elastic flutter</kwd>
        <kwd>Buildings</kwd>
        <kwd>Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)</kwd>
        <kwd>energy harvesting</kwd>
        <kwd>wind tunnel</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>17 to 20 July 2017</conf-date>
        <conf-name>16th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2017</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>16</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Bologna, Italy</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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