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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2017.201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2017.201</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Cost-effective Enhancement Approach of Thermo-Physical Properties of Parametric Cement-based Building Fabric: A case of Ghana</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Adjei</surname><given-names>Eunice Akyereko</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>laxeaa@nottingham.ac.uk</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Omer</surname><given-names>Siddig</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>Lazsao@exmail.nottingham.ac.uk</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Riffat</surname><given-names>Saffa</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>lazsbr@exmail.nottingham.ac.uk</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">9791220022033</isbn>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>10</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2017.201"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>13 July 2017</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2017 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>The many studies carried out to minimize the loads contributed by building fabric have yielded substantial results in minimizing electricity utilization for cooling buildings. On the contrary, these solutions are cost-ineffective. The purpose of this study is to use a cost-effective approach using sand types and mixing ratio design to enhance the thermo-physical properties of cement-based fabric for improved energy utilization using mixed method research. Specific objectives considered include: i. To compare the obtained parametric thermo-physical properties with a representative value from literature and CIBSE Guide values. 2. To use the dominant mixing ratio from literature and sand types to design the parametric mortar and concrete blocks. Finally, to use TCi Thermal analyser and AutoPoreIV mercury intrusion experimental set-up to determine the thermo-physical properties of the parametric blocks. The main findings include: 1. The thermal conductivities of all parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in CIBSE Guide A. 2. The experimental thermal conductivity of parametric fabrics is in the ranges of 0.25 to 0.39 W/mK and 0.26 to 0.61 W/mK for parametric concrete and mortar blocks respectively. 3. A trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content within the mixing ratio was observed with all the different sand types. 4. The obtained experimental density of the parametric blocks are highly correlated with the theoretical /calculated density. In conclusion, the use of mixing ratio design and sand types for enhancing thermal conductivity is not an appropriate approach for achieving lower transmittance value of cement-based fabrics in Ghana. In recommendation, cement-based building fabric properties need to be modified using affordable technologies and additives.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>CIBSE Guide</kwd>
        <kwd>TCi Thermal Analyser</kwd>
        <kwd>AutoPore IV</kwd>
        <kwd>cement-based fabric and thermal conductivity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>17 to 20 July 2017</conf-date>
        <conf-name>16th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2017</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>16</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Bologna, Italy</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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