We investigate the factors influencing households’ energy-saving behaviour choices. We first present a theoretical model of energy saving behaviour and energy saving willingness to determine the factors that explain households’ energy consumption. Then we use ordered logistic model to discover the influencing factors of energy saving intention in different income households. Our results show the following:(1) Residents' energy-saving willingness is influenced by scenario factors and behavioural abilities. Scenario factors are more likely to influence residents' willingness to save energy than behavioural factors. (2) The acceptance of publicity and education is of great significance for promoting energy conservation, and social norms have the same effect while the former is more influential. (3) Age does not affect the energy-saving willingness. Sex of the household head can affect their willingness to save energy, in which women are more willing than men to implement relevant energy saving behaviours. (4) Energy-saving cognitive ability has a direct and significant positive impact on residents' energy-saving behaviour, but its marginal effect is much lower than the scenario factor and also lower than the energy-saving behavioural factors. According to the conclusions, we suggest some advices for better energy consumption patterns.