In order to realize the self-supply of the on-board controller of a shared bicycle, a rear hub rotation power generation system is designed and tested and analyzed on a shared bicycle. The experimental system consists of a power generation system, a charging system, and a rectifying-filtering-regulating system. Each of the three subsystems is analyzed and optimised separately, and finally the power generated by the power generation system meets the target of the loss of the on-board controller of the bicycle. Research shows that when the vehicle speed is 10km/h, the charging time is about 32 hours, and when the vehicle speed is 15km/h, the charging time is about 22 hours.