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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2019.007</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2019.007</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Novel technology of solar assisted domestic hot water (DHW) system with supercooled PCMs: The characteristics analysis of a selected PCM</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Yanan</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>yanan.zhang@nottingham.ac.uk</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Kutlu</surname><given-names>Cagri</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Gledhill</surname><given-names>Sam</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Dicken</surname><given-names>Adam</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Ure</surname><given-names>Zafer</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Elmer</surname><given-names>Theo</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Cunningham</surname><given-names>Andrew</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Cunningham</surname><given-names>Kitty</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Lizhi</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Guozhong</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Huaguan</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Riffat</surname><given-names>Saffa</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD University Park, Nottingham, UK</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Phase Change Materials Products Ltd, Unit 32 Mere View Industrial Estate, Yaxley, Cambridgeshire, UK</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Geo Green Power Ltd. Green Barn Costock Road, NG12 5QT, Nottingham, UK</aff>
      <aff id="aff4">Key Lab of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640, China</aff>
      <aff id="aff5">Midea, No. 6 Midea Avenue, Beijiao, Shunde, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528311, China</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-331-8</isbn>
      <fpage>64</fpage>
      <lpage>71</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2019.007"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>10 February 2020</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2019 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>In 2018, 28% of energy consumption occurred in domestic building systems. As fuel costs rise, having an efficient and cost effective heating system is one of the main steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Switching to a lower carbon fuel or novel technology to produce hot water offers an alternative way. Phase Change Material (PCM) can be used as heat storage media for a latent heat thermal energy storage system because of its high energy density. In the current application, some PCMs are used as the heat store material with the advantages of self-nucleating properties, high heat of fusion, safe and non-reactive. This paper will indicate a novel domestic hot water (DHW) system. In this technology, various PCM materials have been simulated and tested in DHW systems. PCMs temperature rises when absorb heat. At the time PCMs reach the melting temperature (phase change temperature), they absorb large amounts of heat at an almost constant temperature. Some tests have been done to show the water heating efficiency. According to the water temperature changing record, the highest water temperature was 42.8 °C in the test; and also, in this test, water rose up to the highest temperature in 21 minutes. In the charging process, the lowest melting temperature was 58 °C to melt all the PCM crystal. In the copper coil PCM container unit test, the highest out let water temperature was 44 °C, while the inlet water temperature was 12 °C. The result showed there isn't enough residence time in the coil leads to not enough heat transfer area for it to reach the maximum temperature. The biggest struggle at the moment is to fully access the latent heat of the PCM because of its poor thermal conductivity.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>supercooled PCM</kwd>
        <kwd>heat battery</kwd>
        <kwd>solar assisted heat pump</kwd>
        <kwd>domestic hot water</kwd>
        <kwd>transient building simulation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>20 to 22 August 2019</conf-date>
        <conf-name>18th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2019</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>18</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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