<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.3" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2019.112</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2019.112</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Harnessing low-grade waste heat by a thermomagnetic engine in conjunction with a hybrid generator system</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Yeongmin</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>km820426@jejunu.ac.kr</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Young Soo</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>yslee@kier.re.kr</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Ahmed</surname><given-names>Rahate</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>rahat@jejunu.ac.kr</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Chun</surname><given-names>Wongee</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>wgchun@jejunu.ac.kr</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Department of Nuclear and Energy Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Thermal Energy Conversion Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-331-8</isbn>
      <fpage>483</fpage>
      <lpage>488</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2019.112"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>10 February 2020</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2019 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Conversion of low-grade thermal energy into electrical energy was explored with the application of a hybrid generator system driven by a thermomagnetic heat engine. The hybrid generator system consists of an electromagnetic generator (EMG) and flexible piezoelectric films, which was designed to draw electric power as much as possible from the rotating shaft of the thermomagnetic engine. The major components of the engine are Gadolinium (Gd) blocks and a bar shaped permanent magnet, where their interaction develops the rotational motion of the engine thanks to the magneto-caloric effect of Gadolinium (Gd). Gadolinium is one of the distinct materials whose transition temperature (Curie temperature) of magnetic property from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic takes place near room temperature facilitating the use of low–grade waste heat. The conventional electromagnetic generator (EMG) has an excellent performance with an open circuit voltage of 2 V, a short-circuit current of 6 mA under the rotational speed of 130 rpm, when the temperature difference between hot and cold water jets was around 6.5°C. Under the same conditions piezoelectric generator produced an open circuit voltage and short circuit current of 8 V and 8.2 μA, respectively.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Gadolinium</kwd>
        <kwd>hybrid generator system</kwd>
        <kwd>thermomagnetic heat engine</kwd>
        <kwd>electromagnetic generator</kwd>
        <kwd>piezoelectric generator</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>20 to 22 August 2019</conf-date>
        <conf-name>18th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2019</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>18</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
  </body>
  <back>
  </back>
</article>
