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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2019.145</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2019.145</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Can west-facing PV panels help the grid during the sunset?: A study with Portuguese consumers</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Sousa</surname><given-names>José Luís</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>jose.luis.sousa@estsetubal.ips.pt</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Soldi</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>roberto.soldi@ifsc.edu.br</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Martins</surname><given-names>ANTÓNIO G.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>agmartins@uc.pt</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Pont</surname><given-names>Isabele Dal</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>isabeledalpont@hotmail.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Friedrich</surname><given-names>André</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>andre.f1997@aluno.ifsc.edu.br</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">School of Technology of Setúbal, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, SustainRD; INESC Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, BRAZIL</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra; INESC Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-331-8</isbn>
      <fpage>216</fpage>
      <lpage>230</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2019.145"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>10 February 2020</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2019 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Due to the increase of domestic solar electric energy generation, some utilities, besides facing important reductions in the amount of energy sold during sunlight hours, are requested to satisfy a highly variable load just before sunrise and during the sunset. From the grid point of view, the load diagram is changing to a “duck curve” type. Regarding Portuguese domestic consumers, the evening peak can reach twice or more the value of the morning peak. West oriented solar panels have been proposed as a way of mitigating the impact on the grid of these large variations of demand in very short time periods. This paper analyses the impact on the grid of different Portuguese domestic consumers that produce energy from solar panels. A comparison was made regarding the effects on the grid of facing the solar panels to the south and to the west. Besides the expected reduction in the energy generated, west facing panels can allegedly reduce asymmetries on the grid diagram. Since consumers see no difference in energy prices during the day, solar panels facing west represent a loss of income, followed by an increase in energy expenditure. On the other hand, from the grid point of view, they can be seen as a resource and its interest must be evaluated case-by-case.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>distributed energy generation</kwd>
        <kwd>duck curve</kwd>
        <kwd>PV generation</kwd>
        <kwd>domestic consumers</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>20 to 22 August 2019</conf-date>
        <conf-name>18th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2019</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>18</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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