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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2019.159</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2019.159</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Microwave air heater: experimental investigation of a green heat transfer approach in helical coil</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Yek</surname><given-names>Peter Nai Yuh</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>peter.yek@ucts.edu.my</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Osman</surname><given-names>Mohammad Shahril</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>drshahril@ucts.edu.my</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Ting</surname><given-names>Tiew Wei</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>dr.ting@ucts.edu.my</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Dayou</surname><given-names>Sebastian</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>sebastian@ucts.edu.my</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Lau</surname><given-names>Sie Yee</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>lau.sie.yee@ucts.edu.my</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Lam</surname><given-names>Su Shiung</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        <email>lam@umt.edu.my</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Liew</surname><given-names>Rock Keey</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        <email>lrklrk1991@gmail.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">University College of Technology Sarawak, Department of Engineering, No.1, Jalan Universiti, 96000, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Department of Engineering, University College of Technology Sarawak, Malaysia</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Department of Engineering, University College of Technology Sarawak</aff>
      <aff id="aff4">Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-331-8</isbn>
      <fpage>353</fpage>
      <lpage>359</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2019.159"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>10 February 2020</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2019 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Heat transfer to a helical coil induced by microwave heating was performed in this study. Microwave radiation provided indirect and volumetric heating to the activated carbon (microwave absorbent) to store and transfer heat energy to the helical coil and heat up the air indirectly. The helical coil caused centrifugal force and induced a secondary flow to significantly enhance the heat transfer. Microwave radiation provided a high heating rate of 50°C/min to heat the activated carbon and the heat energy that was retained by activated carbon showed low heat loss of 10°C/min during cooling down. Then, the convective heat transfer between helical coil and air in non-isothermal conditions was performed. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the helical coil was evaluated under the condition of curvature ratios of 0.083, 15-25 L/min airflow rate and activated carbon temperature reduced from 300°C to 100°C. Dimensionless number of Reynolds number, Nusselt number and Dean Number were then analysed to evaluate the airflow and heating performance in the helical coil. The experimental results showed good agreement with literature whereas convective heat transfer in the helical coil is more efficient at the high-temperature region as well as higher flow rate applied.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>microwave</kwd>
        <kwd>heat transfer</kwd>
        <kwd>helical coil</kwd>
        <kwd>heater</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>20 to 22 August 2019</conf-date>
        <conf-name>18th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2019</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>18</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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