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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2022.042</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2022.042</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Finding biological solutions on greening nickel areas in Claver, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Aggangan</surname><given-names>Nelly S.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>nsaggangan@up.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Anarna</surname><given-names>Julieta A.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>janarna@up.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Gestiada</surname><given-names>Emer C.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>ecgestiada@up.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Gilbero</surname><given-names>Dennis M.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>forgilbero@gmail.com</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Magsayo</surname><given-names>Bethlehem T.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>bethlehemmarie.magsayo@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Tapi-On</surname><given-names>Mitz C.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>mitz.tapi-on@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Podiotan</surname><given-names>Van Justine A.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>vanjustine.podiotan@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Salud</surname><given-names>Christopher M.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>christopher.salud@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Cuesta</surname><given-names>Lynlee Ross J.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>lynleeross.cuesta@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Amparado</surname><given-names>Ruben F.</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        <email>ruben.amparado@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bislig, Surigao del Sur 8311</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date>
      <volume>19</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-351-6</isbn>
      <fpage>367</fpage>
      <lpage>376</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2022.042"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>16 February 2023</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2022 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Successful and fast rehabilitation of areas have been a challenge internationally including in the Philippines. Areas may be devoid of plants due to many biotic and abiotic factors, one of which is the presence of residual heavy metals from mining waste. Three concurrent nursery experiments were conducted on Philippines native tree species namely: narra (Pterocarpus indicus), lahilahi (Syzygium acuminatissimum) and mangkono (Xanthostemon verdugonianus) to determine the best beneficial biofertilizers to promote plant growth in nickel (Ni) soil collected in Claver, Surigao. This study aimed to find biological solutions to successfully rehabilitate barren areas of Claver, Surigao. Six month old seedlings raised in a nursery were inoculated with either MYKORICH®, MYKOVAM®, new mycorrhiza (NewMYC), new nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NewNFB), combined NewMYC and NewNFB or not inoculated (control). Inoculation rates followed the recommended dosages indicated on the labels. The NewMYC and NewNFB were isolated from a copper (Cu) mined–out area in Marinduque, Luzon, while the first two were commercial inoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) developed and produced locally. Growth response at 6 months after inoculation in the nursery differed to that obtained at 12 months in the field. In the nursery, MYKORICH promoted (p&lt;0.01) the tallest narra, lahilahi and mangkono. In the field, NewMYC promoted the tallest narra and mangkono, while NewMYC and NewNFB gave the tallest lahilahi. NewMYC promoted the biggest (p&lt;0.05) stem diameter of lahilahi and mangkono while NewMYC and NewNFB equally gave the biggest stem diameter of narra. Microbial biofertilizers also improved the root and plant dry weight, and root to shoot ratio relative to the control due to good colonisation by AMF with numerous hyphae to absorb nutrients and water. In the field, NewMYC gave 90% seedling survival on narra, while NewNFB gave 90 and 77% on lahilahi and mangkono, respectively. The established field trials showed the applicability of MBP in greening Ni mined-out area in Claver, Surigao. The NewNFB and NewMYC indigenous in a Cu mined-out area, also worked in Ni mined-out soil, in association with narra, lahilahi and mangkono with high survival rates for a successful rehabilitation and bioremediation.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>nickel</kwd>
        <kwd>mined-out area</kwd>
        <kwd>arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</kwd>
        <kwd>nitrogen fixing bacteria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>16 to 18 August 2022</conf-date>
        <conf-name>19th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2022</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>19</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Istanbul, Turkiye</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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