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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2023.090</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2023.090</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>Flax fiber reinforced concrete for sustainable building material</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Al Hajaj</surname><given-names>Zainab</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>z.hajaj@au.edu.kw</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Hany Yassin</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>m.yassin@au.edu.kw</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Jumaah</surname><given-names>Adel</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        <email>a.jumaah@au.edu.kw</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Australian University, West Mishref, Mubarak Al-Abdullah Al-Jaber Area, Kuwait</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Dept. of Civil Engineering, Australian University, West Mishref, Mubarak Al-Abdullah Al-Jaber Area, Kuwait</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date>
      <volume>20</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-357-8</isbn>
      <fpage>368</fpage>
      <lpage>373</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2023.090"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>15 December 2023</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2023 Copyright WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Industries are in high demand to produce materials from natural resources such as natural fibre in order to reduce the impact of climate change, promote economic growth and reduce energy consumption. This work was performed to examine the effect of incorporating flax fibre in concrete at different fibre content, in terms of compressive strength, split tensile strength and compressive modulus of elasticity. Flax fibre reinforced concretes with different percentages of fibres were casted in-house, followed by mechanical testing at 28 days of the age of the concrete. Flax fibre reinforced concrete manifested notable improvement in the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity up to 1% of fibre by weight of concrete. Flax fibre reinforced concrete with 1% fibre provided maximum mechanical performance in terms of compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 30.30 MPa, 2.67 MPa and 26.25 GPa, respectively compared to other fibre content tested. Incorporating flax fibre in concrete provides good mechanical performance that can be used as a sustainable construction material for buildings.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>flax fiber</kwd>
        <kwd>natural fiber reinforced concrete</kwd>
        <kwd>mechanical properties</kwd>
        <kwd>natural fiber</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>15 to 17 August 2023</conf-date>
        <conf-name>20th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2023</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>20</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Nottingham, UK</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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