The traditional design scheme of ventilation system of high waste heat industrial building is full fresh air scheme, that is, outdoor ambient air will ventilate indoor heat. Fresh air evaporation cooling scheme, which carries out evaporative cooling for outdoor ambient air based on the full fresh air scheme, and another scheme, which carries out evaporative cooling for indoor ambient air on basis of fresh air evaporation cooling scheme, are discussed to improve the technical methods.By calculating, analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the three design schemes, and compared with the air volume of actual engineering case by using these three schemes, the recommended air treatment methods are as follows: indoor and outdoor ambient air evaporative cooling scheme, by which the inlet air volume decreased by about 40%, followed by full fresh air evaporative cooling scheme, by which the inlet air volume decreased by about 23%. These two schemes have significant energy saving potential compared with the full fresh air scheme and can be provided in use for practical engineering.