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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group><journal-title>SET Proceedings</journal-title></journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2978-4387</issn>
      <publisher><publisher-name>Caravel Press</publisher-name></publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65582/set.2024.155</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2024.155</article-id>
      <title-group><article-title>High-efficiency and coloured solar photovoltaic modules enabled by interference pearlescent pigments</article-title></title-group>
    <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Yuning</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>chenyuning@sjtu.edu.cn</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Jingyi</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>ljycarrie@sjtu.edu.cn</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name><surname>Dai</surname><given-names>Xiting</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>daisy2021@sjtu.edu.cn</email>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>Tao</given-names></name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <email>tao.ma@sjtu.edu.cn</email>
      </contrib>
      <aff id="aff1">Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China</aff>
    </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date>
      <volume>21</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <isbn publication-format="electronic">978-0-85358-356-1</isbn>
      <fpage>494</fpage>
      <lpage>499</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://caravelpress.com/proceedings/set/papers/2024.155"/>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received"><string-date>12 December 2024</string-date></date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2024 Copyright University of Nottingham &amp; WSSET</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) has emerged from the inspiration of sustainability strategies and the need for zero-carbon buildings, while the monotonous appearance of PV modules hinders the development of BIPV. Nevertheless, it is challenging to colorize PV modules while meeting their high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). In practical application, pearlescent pigments were widely applied to colorize the PV modules for an aesthetic appearance due to their vivid interference colour and low absorption in the visible region. However, a high reflection of pearlescent pigments in the near-infrared (NIR) region will reduce the PCE, indicating that there is room for further improvement. In this study, an interference pigment with a mica/titanium dioxide/silica (M/T/S) structure suitable for PV modules was proposed. The feasibility of the interference pigment with high reflection in the visible region and low reflection in other wavelength bands can be proved through a multi-layer films theory and different colours can be obtained by varying the thickness of the interference layer. Compared with commercial pearlescent pigments, the average reflectance of the interference pigments decreased from 17.1% to 11.9% in the NIR band, and its average transmittance can be increased by 12.0%. Then interference pigments were easily fixed to glass by screen printing and ultra-violet (UV) curing, and high-efficiency PVs with structured colours were obtained by lamination. The suitability and practicality of interference pigments for PV modules have been demonstrated by efficiency tests under a standard condition, and the PCE loss of yellow PVs coated with M/T/S interference pigments was limited to 3.77%.</p></abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV)</kwd>
        <kwd>Coloured photovoltaic modules</kwd>
        <kwd>Interference pigments</kwd>
        <kwd>Optica regulation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <conference>
        <conf-date>12 to 14 August 2024</conf-date>
        <conf-name>21st International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies</conf-name>
        <conf-acronym>SET2024</conf-acronym>
        <conf-num>21</conf-num>
        <conf-loc>Shanghai, China</conf-loc>
      </conference>
    </article-meta>
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