How this journal works

Every policy below applies to every journal we publish, and is written once for all of them. Where a figure differs between journals, it is read from that journal’s own record.

The same policies at press level Contact the editorial office

About this journal

Scope, board, where it is indexed and who to write to.

Aims and scope
Editorial board
Indexing and discovery
Publisher and contacts

For authors

What to send, what it costs, and what happens after acceptance.

Author guidelines
Funder requirements
Charges
After acceptance

Peer review

How a decision is reached, and by whom.

Peer review
For reviewers

Access, rights and preservation

What happens to your work, who may use it, and how long it lasts.

Open access
Licensing
Copyright
Archiving and preservation
Repository and self-archiving

Research and publishing integrity

How the record is kept honest, and what happens when it is not.

Publication ethics and malpractice
Research integrity
Generative AI
Corrections and retractions
Complaints and appeals

Independence and transparency

Who decides, and who pays.

Editorial independence
Advertising and revenue