This research explores how blockchain technology impacts energy markets, particularly during times of conflict and regulatory change. Geopolitical tensions often disrupt energy markets by affecting supply chains, prices, and access to resources. Energy trading becomes a strategic tool for securing reliable energy sources and managing risks. Technological advancements, evolving policies, and sustainability goals are reshaping the global energy landscape. Blockchain's decentralized and tamper-proof infrastructure offers solutions by maintaining immutable records of transactions, reducing fraud, and enhancing accountability. Case studies highlight how blockchain applications, including smart contracts and tokenization, improve efficiency and transparency in energy trade. However, regulatory challenges persist, particularly with privacy laws like GDPR. Adapting international agreements, such as the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), to accommodate decentralized markets is crucial. Striking a balance between transparency, data protection, and regulatory compliance is necessary to enable blockchain’s full potential in global energy trading
Keywords. Energy market; Blockchain; Digitalization; Geopolitical conflicts; International energy trade; Smart contracts
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How to cite this article
Morozova, S., Karabuga, A. and Utlu, Z. (2025). 'Geopolitical Conflicts: Blockchain Use in International Energy Trading'. Energy Catalyst, 1, pp. 79-88. https://doi.org/10.61552/EC.2025.006
