Developing organic bio-refinery model to achieve sustainable development

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are designed to revolutionize societies to prepare for the future challenges. However, the practical implementation of such goals in many domains are yet to be achieved despite of unique essence. Sustainable energy production (aligned with SDG 7), sustainable waste services (aligned with SDG 11), and mitigating climate change impacts (aligned with SDG 13) has been the prime focus of SDGs. Scarcity of fossil fuels & the degradation of our environment are the major contributors towards the prompt and necessary development of technology especially. Many developing and/or emerging economies have agriculture-based economy so production of crops at large scale leads to the generation of a by-product known as biomass, which is considered waste at global level. Waste Management has been a neglected sector in emerging or developing regions in the world. The uncontrolled open dumping sites are a threat to the environment, and, in addition to all these recurring issues, the energy demands the need to tap the renewable energy resources. The focus of this research is to develop an Organic Waste Biorefinery Model to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. The waste to energy (WTE) analysis were conducted on the biomass with different ratios. WTE analyses include, Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Elemental analysis, Proximate analysis, Gross calorific value (GCV), analysis and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. These analyses investigate different thermo-physical properties which include ignition temperature, ignition delay, mass loss curve, peak temperature, burn out temperature, degradation rate, structural morphology, surface texture and, burning performance and particulate matter. The outcome from this work is to provide a foundation for the development of biomass-based value-added product individually or in a blended form for the purpose of variable usage at the industrial level. Accordingly, it can further facilitate the transition from linear to circular economies and mitigate the major challenges faced, including but not limited to environmental pollution, climate change, and adverse effects on public health.