The role of permaculture design practices in preserving historic rural landscapes against the global climate crisis

Historical rural areas have a holistic design setup with the agricultural use, natural and cultural values of the surface and underground remains that contribute to this texture, as well as the architectural formation that creates the local architectural identity. The definition of rural areas as terrestrial and wetlands formed by human-nature interaction reveals the concepts of "rural landscape" and "rural landscape architecture". As a living organism, rural landscapes are based on production and cyclicity, which is fed from local resources and accumulation. In this context, rural landscape heritage is defined as the tangible and intangible heritage of the relevant historical countryside and includes the environmental links of local culture. In the face of globalization, urbanization, population growth, economic shrinkage, agricultural activities and decrease in soil fertility, it is inevitable that migration and abandonment will be delayed, and rural landscapes will become open to radical changes with loss and isolation. Cultural assets and historical rural landscapes are expected to be adversely affected in the face of the global climate crisis. There are many threats such as air pollution, surface degradation of the material, rising sea level and coastal erosion and destruction of landscapes, degradation of biodiversity and loss of natural cyclical balance. It is important to take measures against risks that will change according to local data, to develop adaptation strategies against climate change, and to ensure the sustainability of historical rural landscapes. In this context, permaculture philosophy, which is defined as the science of sustainable human settlement design close to nature and harmony, uses a holistic perspective ethically, especially in rural areas. In this study, after the literature review, the possibility of a sustainable adaptation method by permaculture design principles will be discussed theoretically, to reduce the possible risks in historical rural areas in the face of the global climate crisis, within the understanding of nature-based conservation. Benefiting from permaculture principles in the improvement and repair of environmental data with risk analysis, and in this context, a new holistic protection approach will be put forward.