Maximizing solar power harvest: experimental analysis of vacuum insulated photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) power module in subtropical climates

The utilization of solar energy as a clean and sustainable source of power has gained significant attention in recent years. Photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems have emerged as a promising technology, integrating both electrical energy generation and thermal energy collection in a single device. This paper presents an experimental analysis of a solar vacuum insulated photovoltaic/thermal (VPVT) power module in a subtropical climate. This study seeks to assess the performance and energy efficiency of the VPVT system under realistic operating conditions and to evaluate its potential for solar energy harvesting in subtropical regions. The study included the measurement and analysis of various parameters such as solar radiation, electrical power output, thermal energy output, and overall system efficiency. Additionally, the impact of various factors, including ambient temperature, wind speed, and humidity, is considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the solar VPVT module exhibits favourable performance characteristics in subtropical climates. The electrical energy generation efficiency of the module remains high, even under high ambient temperatures. Moreover, the thermal energy collection efficiency is enhanced through the vacuum insulation, allowing for effective utilization of solar energy. The outcomes show that the solar VPVT panel operates well in subtropical temperatures, with a 16.01% gain in thermal efficiency and a 0.28% reduction in electrical effectiveness even after the PV cell coating was eliminated. As a result, overall efficiency improved by 9.16%. Total exergy and primary energy reduction efficiency improved by 2.74% and 4.25%, correspondingly. Furthermore, the study investigated the impact of various factors, such as ambient temperature, solar irradiance, and flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, on the performance of the VPVT module. It was observed that higher solar irradiance levels and lower ambient temperatures positively influenced the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the system. The findings from this experimental analysis provide valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing solar vacuum insulated VPVT modules in subtropical climates and further assists engineers, researchers, and policymakers in making informed decisions regarding the deployment and integration of solar VPVT systems in subtropical regions. The results demonstrate the potential of this technology for renewable energy generation, especially in regions with abundant solar resources and a demand for both electricity and thermal energy.