Urban energy consumption based on a cohort model in a local city of Indonesia

Indonesia with a population of more than 241 million, or the fourth largest country in the world, challenges to achieve energy sustainability. Furthermore, as a developing country, Indonesia faces rapid economic growth. The real gross domestic product (GDP) reached at the average of 6.5% per year during last 5 years. However, on the other hand, Indonesia has to face rapid energy consumption rate. Indonesian energy consumption attained 5.9 GJ in 2011, or growth at the average of 11% per year during last 3 years. With the global energy issue such as urban heat island and limited resource of natural energy, energy saving effort are getting serious concern particularly in the city context. The objectives of this study are to investigate the urban energy consumption trends in four sectors, residential, commercial, industrial and transportation, under different urban population scenarios and main indicators of urban energy consumption. In this paper, the energy consumption in the four sectors in Padang city is investigated. The study found that household lifestyle and electric devices were the main factor of the electrical energy consumption in the residential sector. In the transportation sector, motorcycle and micro bus are the biggest contribution to fuel consumption. In commercial and industrial sectors, electricity is one of the highest energy consumption compared to other energy sources. Hence, these elements should be put in priorities in the future urban energy study and integrated with the long-term urban planning toward sustainable development.