Volume 18

Foreword

The 18th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies was a significant international academic event in the domain of world sustainable energy technologies with a theme of ‘Sustainable Energy Towards the New Revolution’. The conference aimed to provide a forum for the exchange of latest technical information, the dissemination of up-to-date research results, and the presentation of major topics including sustainable energy, low carbon technologies, eco-cities, energy security and environmental policy.

Held from August 20th – 22nd 2019 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the conference was a collaboration between the World Society of Sustainable Energy Technologies (WSSET), the Universiti Sains Malaysia and University of Nottingham. World-renowned experts and scholars in the area, representatives of prominent enterprises and universities attended to discuss new developments and achievements in the field, as well as promoting academic exchange, application of scientific results, university-industry collaboration and government-industry collaboration.

The papers contained in these proceedings focus on topics such as Energy Storage for the Age of Renewables; Research, Innovation and Commercialisation in Sustainable Energy Technologies; Integrating Planning & Policy, Architecture, Engineering & Economics; Energy and Environment; Engineering Thermo-physics; and Systemic Change for Cities.

About 230 delegates from 30 countries attended SET2019; nearly 400 abstracts were received and 190 papers have been published in the conference proceedings. The proceedings have therefore been divided into three volumes. I hope you enjoy as much as I did the breadth of work you will find in these proceedings.

We would like to thank all participating authors for their contributions to both the conference and to the publishing of this book. We are also indebted to our international scientific committee for their advice and seemingly endless review of papers. We would also like to thank unreservedly Celia Berry, Zeny Amante-Roberts, Dr Mardiana Idayu Ahmad and Professor Dr Norli Ismail for their tireless efforts in making SET2019 one of the most successful conferences we have held. Also a huge thanks to our sponsors First Solar, PCM Products Ltd and Professor Terry Payne.

Professor Saffa RiffatChair in Sustainable Energy TechnologiesPresident of the World Society of Sustainable Energy TechnologiesFellow of the European Academy of SciencesSET 2019 Chairman